❓ A parliamentary question on notice addresses the decline of Tuart forests in Western Australia, inquiring about research, protection efforts, and potential causes like hypersaline groundwater and water extraction.
AnsweredQoN 1277Legislative Assembly
QuestionView source ↗
(1) Is the Minister aware of the document prepared by the Tuart Response Group titled ‘Status Report Tuart Conservation and Protection’?
(2) What is the group’s specific aim and what are they trying to achieve through this project?
(3) What scientific benchmarks are being employed in this study?
(4) What effect, if any, does the hypersaline groundwater have on the Tuart trees and the understorey environment existing close to Lake Clifton and Lake Preston?
(5) When will a specific document be produced for the protection of the State’s declining Tuart Forests?
(6) Has the Minister’s Department applied for funds through the Australian Research Council to investigate the decline of the Tuart Forests in Western Australia?
(7) Has the extraction of water for horticulture impacted on the Tuart Forests in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area?
(8) Has there been any progress in the control of the Longicorn Beetle, which are known destroyers of Tuart trees?
(9) Has the Minister’s Department determined what is causing the recent increased decline of the Tuart Forests?
(10) What steps are being taken to protect and maintain the ecosystems and associated vegetation so that the systems can uphold the biodiversity and ecological function of the forest?
(2) What is the group’s specific aim and what are they trying to achieve through this project?
(3) What scientific benchmarks are being employed in this study?
(4) What effect, if any, does the hypersaline groundwater have on the Tuart trees and the understorey environment existing close to Lake Clifton and Lake Preston?
(5) When will a specific document be produced for the protection of the State’s declining Tuart Forests?
(6) Has the Minister’s Department applied for funds through the Australian Research Council to investigate the decline of the Tuart Forests in Western Australia?
(7) Has the extraction of water for horticulture impacted on the Tuart Forests in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area?
(8) Has there been any progress in the control of the Longicorn Beetle, which are known destroyers of Tuart trees?
(9) Has the Minister’s Department determined what is causing the recent increased decline of the Tuart Forests?
(10) What steps are being taken to protect and maintain the ecosystems and associated vegetation so that the systems can uphold the biodiversity and ecological function of the forest?
AnswerView source ↗
Answered
6 May 2003
Responded by
Minister for the Environment and Heritage
Response time
48 days
(2) The aims of the Tuart Response Group are to: · investigate the hierarchy of causes behind the observed decline in tuart trees at Yalgorup; · devise the “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”; and to · compile educational material for individual landowners and the community to combat the decline of tuart trees. (3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· investigate the hierarchy of causes behind the observed decline in tuart trees at Yalgorup; · devise the “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”; and to · compile educational material for individual landowners and the community to combat the decline of tuart trees. (3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· devise the “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”; and to · compile educational material for individual landowners and the community to combat the decline of tuart trees. (3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· compile educational material for individual landowners and the community to combat the decline of tuart trees. (3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· investigate the hierarchy of causes behind the observed decline in tuart trees at Yalgorup; · devise the “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”; and to · compile educational material for individual landowners and the community to combat the decline of tuart trees. (3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· devise the “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”; and to · compile educational material for individual landowners and the community to combat the decline of tuart trees. (3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· compile educational material for individual landowners and the community to combat the decline of tuart trees. (3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(3) In July 2002 the Tuart Response Group convened a Tuart Science Workshop. Tuart science benchmarks are summarised in the “Status Report for Tuart Conservation and Protection”. (4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(4) Any effect of hypersaline groundwater is considered to be very unlikely because: · a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· a layer of fresh or brackish groundwater separates the root zone from the hypersaline groundwater; and · the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· the decline in tuart health has also spread to areas high on dune slopes and ridgelines where there is considerable depth to groundwater. (5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(5) The Government, through the Tuart Response Group, is currently preparing a “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management”. A draft plan will be available after July 2003. The plan will: · encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· encourage the community to be more aware of tuart and more involved in its conservation and protection; · ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· ensure tuart ecosystems are identified and adequately represented and managed for conservation within and outside reserves; · ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· ensure that significant stands and specimens of tuart trees outside conservation reserves are retained and appropriately managed; · promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· promote partnerships with community groups with differing interests in tuart trees and ecosystems; · introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· introduce research based remedial support to minimise the impact of processes that threaten the health of tuart trees; and · ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· ensure that accumulated knowledge leads to improved tuart management. (6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(6) In October 2002, the Department of Conservation and Land Management, Murdoch and Edith Cowan Universities, and Alcoa World Alumina (Australia) were awarded $258,000 for three years through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. Participating organisations will contribute further cash and significant research capacity to the project. The research seeks to investigate the possible cause(s) of the Eucalyptus gomphocephala decline in Western Australia, with the following aims: · develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· develop an understanding of the physiology of tuart in relation to water and nutrient use under different environmental parameters, including reduced understorey competition; · develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· develop a model to describe and compare the morphological and physiological condition of healthy and declining tuart in relation to soil type, salinity, water tables factors across its natural range; · determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· determine whether pathogens are associated with tuart tree decline and if these are related to predisposing environmental factors; · describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· describe the insect fauna of healthy and diseased tuart and determine whether systemic insecticides can be used to halt or reverse the decline; and · develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· develop strategies and provide land managers and community groups with appropriate tools to reduce and manage the impact of tuart decline. (7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(7) Abstraction of groundwater is considered unlikely to have impacted the health of tuart trees because: · abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· abstraction has had no regional effect on the water table in the Myalup and Lake Clifton area; and · the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· the core area of tuart decline is occurring west of Lakes Clifton and Preston, which is some distance from groundwater abstraction which occurs one kilometre east of the lakes. (8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(8) Further to the report referred to in the answer to (3) above, research planning and design are currently underway through the Australian Research Council’s 2003 Linkage Grants Program. The research will lead to new techniques for reducing the impact of the Longicorn Beetle on the health of tuart trees. The relevant projects are: · Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· Experiment 4: Isolate and identify insect pests and pathogens associated with tuart trees. The research aims to determine if potential pathogens and/or insect pests are associated with tuart decline. · Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· Experiment 6: Joint use of insecticides and fertilisers in reducing the rate of tuart tree decline. The research aims to (a) determine whether insect attack can be halted through the integrated use of insecticides and fertilisers, and to (b) provide community groups and land managers with appropriate knowledge on fertiliser use and methods and rates to inject trees with insecticide. It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
It is unlikely that the use of insecticides alone to control wood boring beetles by stem injection will be totally effective. However, it is possible that insecticides might reduce insect pressure on the trees that will allow them to gain health and vigour with the strategic use of fertilisers. (9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(9) The primary reason(s) for the recent increased decline and chronic insect infestation in tuart is not clear, as there are a number of contributing and inter-related factors involved. Potential influences include the ongoing reduction in winter rainfall, hydrological and salinity factors near wetlands, soil and nutrient supply, altered fire regimes, changes in the ecological balance between insect wood borers and their predators, competition with understorey species, land clearing and roadworks. (10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
(10) The Government’s proposed “Strategy and Action Plan for Tuart Conservation and Management” will be developed according to the following guiding principles: · conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· conserving biodiversity and managing threatening processes; · improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· improving knowledge and understanding; · developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· developing a comprehensive, adequate and representative reserve system; · integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· integrating conservation and management programs across all tenures; · involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· involving the community in planning processes and program implementation; and · implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
· implementing programs based on the precautionary approach, and adaptive management.
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