❓ WA Parliamentary Question on Notice regarding road fatalities involving cannabis, other drugs, and alcohol in 2021 and 2022. The response provides detailed data on substances detected in cases not involving cannabis.
AnsweredQoN 1647Legislative Council
QuestionView source ↗
I thank the Minister for his response to my question on 8 August 2023 on road fatalities involving cannabis, which attracted some interest from our friends in the media and noting the 27 cases in 2021 and the 29 cases in 2022 (as per the Ministers answer), and I ask: (a) how many of those cases involved cannabis alone; (b) how many cases involved cannabis in conjunction with other drugs and or alcohol; (c) in search of a complete picture, how many of the remaining cases that did not involve cannabis (94 in 2021 and 95 in 2022) had traces of other drugs and or alcohol; (d) which substances in (c), were identified; and (e) what quantities of substances were found in (c)?
AnswerView source ↗
Answered
7 November 2023
Responded by
Minister for Emergency Services representing the Minister for Police
Response time
8 days
The Western Australia Police Force advise:
a) Cases involved cannabis alone 2021: 1 2022: 3
b) Cases involved cannabis in conjunction with drugs and/or alcohol 2021: 26 2022: 26
c) Cases that did not involve cannabis that had traces of other drugs and/or alcohol 2021: 70 of the 90 remaining cases, current as of 18 October 2023 2022: 74 of the 95 remaining cases, current as of 18 October 2023
The case numbers provided to you previously for question on notice LC1474 on 13 June 2023 have been revised as it was identified that the number for 2021 included four (4) non-drivers and these have now been removed from the dataset. The updated totals for drivers found not to have traces of cannabis in their system at the time of their deaths are 90 cases in 2021. d-e) Please refer to below tables.
2021
Substances Identified
Detected (Range)
7-Aminoclonazepam
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Alcohol
Less than 0.01% to 0.357%
Amiodarone
Yes – no range available
Amiodarone & Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Amitriptyline
Approximately 0.04 mg/L
Amitriptyline/Nortriptyline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Amlodipine
Indicated, approximately 0.02 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L
Amphetamine
0.02 mg/L to 0.27 mg/L
Amphetamine & Methylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Apixaban
Yes – no range available
Atenolol
Yes – no range available
Benzoyl Ecgonine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L to 1.6 mg/L
Bisoprolol
Yes – no range available
Buprenorphine
Yes – no range available
Carbon Monoxide
Less than 5% saturation to approximately 25% saturation
Celecoxib
Indicated, approximately 0.07 mg/L
Chlorpheniramine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L
Chlorpheniramine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram
Approximately 0.1 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Citalopram And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Cocaethylene
Yes – no range available
Cocaine
0.07 mg/L
Cocaine & Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Codeine
Yes – no range available
Codeine (Free)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L
Codeine (Total)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.18 mg/L
Desmethyldiazepam
Approximately 0.01 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Desmethylvenlafaxine
Yes – no range available
Diazepam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.09 mg/L
Dimethylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Doxylamine
Yes – no range available
Duloxetine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Duloxetine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ecgonine Methyl Ester
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Ephedrine
Yes – no range available
Fentanyl
Less than 1 ug/L
Fluoxetine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Fluoxetine And Norfluoxetine
Yes – no range available
Frusemide
Indicated, approximately 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L
Gliclazide
Yes – no range available
Gliclazide Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Hydromorphone
0.01 mg/L
Ibuprofen
Indicated, less than 1 mg/L to approximately 3 mg/L
Ibuprofen Metabolite
Indicated – no range available
Ibuprofen Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Irbesartan
Approximately 0.3 mg/L
Irbesartan Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ketamine
Yes – no range available
Ketamine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Lamotrigine
Approximately 0.4 mg/L
Levetiracetam
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Meloxicam
Yes – no range available
Methylamphetamine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L
Methylamphetamine & Amphetamine
Yes – no range available
Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (Mdma)
Less than 0.01 mg/L
Metoclopramide
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Metoprolol
Yes – no range available
Midazolam
Approximately 0.03 mg/L
Mirtazapine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Mirtazapine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Mirtazapine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Modafinil
Approximately 4 mg/L
Morphine
Yes – no range available
Morphine (Free)
Less than 0.01 mg/L
Morphine (Total)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L
Naloxone
Yes – no range available
Naproxen
Approximately 7 mg/L
Naproxen And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
N-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Yes – no range available
Norfluoxetine
Approximately 0.02 mg/L
Nortriptyline
Approximately 0.02 mg/L
O-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Approximately 0.01 mg/L
Olanzapine
Approximately 0.3 mg/L
Ondansetron
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.09 mg/L
Oxycodone
0.03 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Oxycodone And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Oxycodone And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Pantoprazole
Yes – no range available
Paracetamol
Less than 1 mg/L to 85mg/L
Promethazine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L
Promethazine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Propranolol
Indicated – no range available
Pseudoephedrine/Ephedrine
Yes – no range available
Pseudoephedrine/Ephedrine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Quetiapine
Yes – no range available
Quinine/Quinidine
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Rivaroxaban
Yes – no range available
Salbutamol
Yes – no range available
Salicylates
Yes – no range available
Salicylic Acid
Indicated, less than 1 mg/L to approximately 1 mg/L
Sertraline
Approximately 0.7 mg/L
Sertraline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Tapentadol
Up to approximately 5 mg/L
Telmisartan
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Temazepam
Approximately 0.02 mg/L
Timolol
Yes – no range available
Tramadol
Approximately 0.2 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L
Tramadol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Tramadol And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Tramadol Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Trimethoprim
Yes – no range available
Varenicline
Yes – no range available
Vecuronium
Indicated – no range available
Venlafaxine
Approximately 0.09 mg/L
Venlafaxine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Warfarin
Yes – no range available
2022
Substances Identified
Detected (Range)
Alcohol
0.01% to approximately 0.43%
Amiodarone
Yes – no range available
Amiodarone & Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Amitriptyline
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.2 mg/L
Amitriptyline And Nortriptyline
Yes – no range available
Amitriptyline/Nortriptyline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Amlodipine
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.09 mg/L
Amphetamine
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 1.7 mg/L
Amphetamine & Methylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Apixaban
Yes – no range available
Aripiprazole
Approximately 0.06 mg/L
Atropine
Yes – no range available
Bisoprolol
Yes – no range available
Caffeine
Approximately 5 mg/L to 8 mg/L
Carbon Monoxide
Up to 5% saturation
Celecoxib
Indicated, approximately 0.09 mg/L
Chlorpheniramine
Yes – no range available
Cinchocaine
Yes – no range available
Citalopram
Approximately 0.09 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Citalopram And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Codeine
Yes – no range available
Codeine (Free)
0.03 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L
Codeine (Total)
0.11 mg/L to 0.63 mg/L
Codeine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Desloratadine
Yes – no range available
Desmethyldiazepam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.05 mg/L
Diazepam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.08 mg/L
Diazepam And Desmethyldiazepam
Yes – no range available
Diclofenac
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Diclofenac Artefact
Yes – no range available
Dimethylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Dothiepin
Approximately 0.05 mg/L
Dothiepin Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Doxylamine
Indicated – no range available
Duloxetine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L
Ephedrine
Yes – no range available
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine
Yes – no range available
Fentanyl
Yes – no range available
Fluconazole
Yes – no range available
Fluoxetine
Approximately 0.06 mg/L
Frusemide
Indicated, approximately 0.1 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Gliclazide
Yes – no range available
Haloperidol
Yes – no range available
Hordenine
Yes – no range available
Hydromorphone
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L
Hyoscine Butylbromide
Yes – no range available
Ibuprofen
Less than 1 mg/L to approximately 20 mg/L
Ibuprofen And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Ibuprofen Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ibuprofen Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Irbesartan
Approximately 1 mg/L
Irbesartan Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Ketamine
Yes – no range available
Ketamine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ketamine And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Lamotrigine
Approximately 5 mg/L
Laudanosine
Yes – no range available
Levetiracetam
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Meloxicam
Yes – no range available
Methylamphetamine
0.03 mg/L to approximately 2 mg/L
Methylamphetamine & Amphetamine
Yes – no range available
Metoclopramide
Approximately 0.07 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L
Metoprolol
Approximately 0.3 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L
Metoprolol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Metronidazole
Yes – no range available
Midazolam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.09 mg/L
Midazolam And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Midazolam Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Mirtazapine
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Modafinil
Approximately 2 mg/L
Morphine
Yes – no range available
Morphine (Free)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.30 mg/L
Morphine (Total)
0.02 mg/L to 0.38 mg/L
Naproxen
Indicated, approximately 0.05 mg/L to 30 mg/L
Naproxen Metabolites
Indicated - no range available
N-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Yes – no range available
Norfluoxetine
Approximately 0.06 mg/L
Norketamine
Yes – no range available
Nortriptyline
Approximately 0.01 mg/L to 0.09 mg/L
O-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Approximately 0.2 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Olanzapine
Yes – no range available
Omeprazole
Yes – no range available
Ondansetron
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L
Oxazepam
Approximately 0.07 mg/L
Oxymetazoline
Indicated – no range available
Pantoprazole
Yes – no range available
Paracetamol
Less than 1 mg/L to 25 mg/L
Paracetamol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Phentermine
Yes – no range available
Pholcodine
Yes – no range available
Piroxicam
Yes – no range available
Pregabalin
Approximately 10 mg/L
Propofol
Yes – no range available
Propranolol
Approximately 0.01 mg/L
Quetiapine
Less than 0.05 mg/L
Quetiapine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Quinine/Quinidine
Approximately 0.06 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L
Ramipril Artefact
Yes – no range available
Ropivacaine
Approximately 0.04 mg/L to 1 mg/L
Ropivacaine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Salbutamol
Yes – no range available
Salicylic Acid
Indicated, approximately less than 1 mg/L to 2 mg/L
Sertraline
Less than 0.08 mg/L to approximately 0.5 mg/L
Sertraline And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Sertraline Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Sertraline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Sitagliptin
Indicated – no range available
Tapentadol
Approximately 0.2 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L
Tapentadol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Telmisartan
Approximately 0.05 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Telmisartan Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Topiramate Artefact
Yes – no range available
Tramadol
Less than 0.4 mg/L to approximately 2 mg/L
Tramadol And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Tramadol Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Vecuronium
Indicated – no range available
Venlafaxine
Approximately 0.3 mg/L
a) Cases involved cannabis alone 2021: 1 2022: 3
b) Cases involved cannabis in conjunction with drugs and/or alcohol 2021: 26 2022: 26
c) Cases that did not involve cannabis that had traces of other drugs and/or alcohol 2021: 70 of the 90 remaining cases, current as of 18 October 2023 2022: 74 of the 95 remaining cases, current as of 18 October 2023
The case numbers provided to you previously for question on notice LC1474 on 13 June 2023 have been revised as it was identified that the number for 2021 included four (4) non-drivers and these have now been removed from the dataset. The updated totals for drivers found not to have traces of cannabis in their system at the time of their deaths are 90 cases in 2021. d-e) Please refer to below tables.
2021
Substances Identified
Detected (Range)
7-Aminoclonazepam
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Alcohol
Less than 0.01% to 0.357%
Amiodarone
Yes – no range available
Amiodarone & Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Amitriptyline
Approximately 0.04 mg/L
Amitriptyline/Nortriptyline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Amlodipine
Indicated, approximately 0.02 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L
Amphetamine
0.02 mg/L to 0.27 mg/L
Amphetamine & Methylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Apixaban
Yes – no range available
Atenolol
Yes – no range available
Benzoyl Ecgonine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L to 1.6 mg/L
Bisoprolol
Yes – no range available
Buprenorphine
Yes – no range available
Carbon Monoxide
Less than 5% saturation to approximately 25% saturation
Celecoxib
Indicated, approximately 0.07 mg/L
Chlorpheniramine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L
Chlorpheniramine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram
Approximately 0.1 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Citalopram And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Cocaethylene
Yes – no range available
Cocaine
0.07 mg/L
Cocaine & Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Codeine
Yes – no range available
Codeine (Free)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L
Codeine (Total)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.18 mg/L
Desmethyldiazepam
Approximately 0.01 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Desmethylvenlafaxine
Yes – no range available
Diazepam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.09 mg/L
Dimethylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Doxylamine
Yes – no range available
Duloxetine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Duloxetine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ecgonine Methyl Ester
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Ephedrine
Yes – no range available
Fentanyl
Less than 1 ug/L
Fluoxetine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Fluoxetine And Norfluoxetine
Yes – no range available
Frusemide
Indicated, approximately 0.5 mg/L to 2 mg/L
Gliclazide
Yes – no range available
Gliclazide Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Hydromorphone
0.01 mg/L
Ibuprofen
Indicated, less than 1 mg/L to approximately 3 mg/L
Ibuprofen Metabolite
Indicated – no range available
Ibuprofen Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Irbesartan
Approximately 0.3 mg/L
Irbesartan Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ketamine
Yes – no range available
Ketamine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Lamotrigine
Approximately 0.4 mg/L
Levetiracetam
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Meloxicam
Yes – no range available
Methylamphetamine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L to 2.5 mg/L
Methylamphetamine & Amphetamine
Yes – no range available
Methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (Mdma)
Less than 0.01 mg/L
Metoclopramide
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Metoprolol
Yes – no range available
Midazolam
Approximately 0.03 mg/L
Mirtazapine
Approximately 0.1 mg/L
Mirtazapine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Mirtazapine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Modafinil
Approximately 4 mg/L
Morphine
Yes – no range available
Morphine (Free)
Less than 0.01 mg/L
Morphine (Total)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.03 mg/L
Naloxone
Yes – no range available
Naproxen
Approximately 7 mg/L
Naproxen And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
N-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Yes – no range available
Norfluoxetine
Approximately 0.02 mg/L
Nortriptyline
Approximately 0.02 mg/L
O-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Approximately 0.01 mg/L
Olanzapine
Approximately 0.3 mg/L
Ondansetron
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.09 mg/L
Oxycodone
0.03 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Oxycodone And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Oxycodone And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Pantoprazole
Yes – no range available
Paracetamol
Less than 1 mg/L to 85mg/L
Promethazine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L
Promethazine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Propranolol
Indicated – no range available
Pseudoephedrine/Ephedrine
Yes – no range available
Pseudoephedrine/Ephedrine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Quetiapine
Yes – no range available
Quinine/Quinidine
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Rivaroxaban
Yes – no range available
Salbutamol
Yes – no range available
Salicylates
Yes – no range available
Salicylic Acid
Indicated, less than 1 mg/L to approximately 1 mg/L
Sertraline
Approximately 0.7 mg/L
Sertraline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Tapentadol
Up to approximately 5 mg/L
Telmisartan
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Temazepam
Approximately 0.02 mg/L
Timolol
Yes – no range available
Tramadol
Approximately 0.2 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L
Tramadol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Tramadol And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Tramadol Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Trimethoprim
Yes – no range available
Varenicline
Yes – no range available
Vecuronium
Indicated – no range available
Venlafaxine
Approximately 0.09 mg/L
Venlafaxine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Warfarin
Yes – no range available
2022
Substances Identified
Detected (Range)
Alcohol
0.01% to approximately 0.43%
Amiodarone
Yes – no range available
Amiodarone & Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Amitriptyline
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.2 mg/L
Amitriptyline And Nortriptyline
Yes – no range available
Amitriptyline/Nortriptyline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Amlodipine
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.09 mg/L
Amphetamine
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 1.7 mg/L
Amphetamine & Methylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Apixaban
Yes – no range available
Aripiprazole
Approximately 0.06 mg/L
Atropine
Yes – no range available
Bisoprolol
Yes – no range available
Caffeine
Approximately 5 mg/L to 8 mg/L
Carbon Monoxide
Up to 5% saturation
Celecoxib
Indicated, approximately 0.09 mg/L
Chlorpheniramine
Yes – no range available
Cinchocaine
Yes – no range available
Citalopram
Approximately 0.09 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Citalopram And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Citalopram Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Codeine
Yes – no range available
Codeine (Free)
0.03 mg/L to 0.13 mg/L
Codeine (Total)
0.11 mg/L to 0.63 mg/L
Codeine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Desloratadine
Yes – no range available
Desmethyldiazepam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.05 mg/L
Diazepam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.08 mg/L
Diazepam And Desmethyldiazepam
Yes – no range available
Diclofenac
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Diclofenac Artefact
Yes – no range available
Dimethylamphetamine
Yes – no range available
Dothiepin
Approximately 0.05 mg/L
Dothiepin Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Doxylamine
Indicated – no range available
Duloxetine
Approximately 0.03 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L
Ephedrine
Yes – no range available
Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine
Yes – no range available
Fentanyl
Yes – no range available
Fluconazole
Yes – no range available
Fluoxetine
Approximately 0.06 mg/L
Frusemide
Indicated, approximately 0.1 mg/L to 0.2 mg/L
Gliclazide
Yes – no range available
Haloperidol
Yes – no range available
Hordenine
Yes – no range available
Hydromorphone
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.05 mg/L
Hyoscine Butylbromide
Yes – no range available
Ibuprofen
Less than 1 mg/L to approximately 20 mg/L
Ibuprofen And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Ibuprofen Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ibuprofen Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Irbesartan
Approximately 1 mg/L
Irbesartan Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Ketamine
Yes – no range available
Ketamine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Ketamine And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Lamotrigine
Approximately 5 mg/L
Laudanosine
Yes – no range available
Levetiracetam
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine
Yes – no range available
Lignocaine And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Meloxicam
Yes – no range available
Methylamphetamine
0.03 mg/L to approximately 2 mg/L
Methylamphetamine & Amphetamine
Yes – no range available
Metoclopramide
Approximately 0.07 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L
Metoprolol
Approximately 0.3 mg/L to 0.8 mg/L
Metoprolol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Metronidazole
Yes – no range available
Midazolam
Less than 0.01 mg/L to approximately 0.09 mg/L
Midazolam And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Midazolam Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Mirtazapine
Approximately 0.2 mg/L
Modafinil
Approximately 2 mg/L
Morphine
Yes – no range available
Morphine (Free)
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.30 mg/L
Morphine (Total)
0.02 mg/L to 0.38 mg/L
Naproxen
Indicated, approximately 0.05 mg/L to 30 mg/L
Naproxen Metabolites
Indicated - no range available
N-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Yes – no range available
Norfluoxetine
Approximately 0.06 mg/L
Norketamine
Yes – no range available
Nortriptyline
Approximately 0.01 mg/L to 0.09 mg/L
O-Desmethylvenlafaxine
Approximately 0.2 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Olanzapine
Yes – no range available
Omeprazole
Yes – no range available
Ondansetron
Less than 0.01 mg/L to 0.08 mg/L
Oxazepam
Approximately 0.07 mg/L
Oxymetazoline
Indicated – no range available
Pantoprazole
Yes – no range available
Paracetamol
Less than 1 mg/L to 25 mg/L
Paracetamol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Phentermine
Yes – no range available
Pholcodine
Yes – no range available
Piroxicam
Yes – no range available
Pregabalin
Approximately 10 mg/L
Propofol
Yes – no range available
Propranolol
Approximately 0.01 mg/L
Quetiapine
Less than 0.05 mg/L
Quetiapine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Quinine/Quinidine
Approximately 0.06 mg/L to 0.1 mg/L
Ramipril Artefact
Yes – no range available
Ropivacaine
Approximately 0.04 mg/L to 1 mg/L
Ropivacaine Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Salbutamol
Yes – no range available
Salicylic Acid
Indicated, approximately less than 1 mg/L to 2 mg/L
Sertraline
Less than 0.08 mg/L to approximately 0.5 mg/L
Sertraline And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Sertraline Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Sertraline Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Sitagliptin
Indicated – no range available
Tapentadol
Approximately 0.2 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L
Tapentadol And Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Telmisartan
Approximately 0.05 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L
Telmisartan Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Topiramate Artefact
Yes – no range available
Tramadol
Less than 0.4 mg/L to approximately 2 mg/L
Tramadol And Metabolites
Yes – no range available
Tramadol Metabolite
Yes – no range available
Vecuronium
Indicated – no range available
Venlafaxine
Approximately 0.3 mg/L
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